An Object Oriented Analysis Of Air Traffic Control
An Object Oriented Analysis Of Air Traffic Control
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
1.3 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION
2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 THE OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS TASK
2.2 MODELING CONCEPTS
2.2.1 Classes and Objects
2.2.2 Instance Connections and Message Connections
2.2.3 Structures
2.2.4 Subjects
2.2.5 Views
2.2.6 Model Specification
2.3 MODEL USAGE
2.3.1 Reference Model
2.3.2 Evaluation of Experiment vs. Legacy Software
2.3.3 Extensibility and Reusability
2.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN
3 DOMAIN ANALYSIS
3.1 ATC
3.1.1 Scope of the ATC Model
3.1.2 Evolution of ATC from Air Traffic
3.2 THE ATC MODEL
3.2.1 The User Subject
3.2.1.1 The Aircraft Class
3.2.1.2 The Ground Vehicle Class
3.2.1.3 The Flight and Vehicle Classes
3.2.1.4 The Clearance Class
3.2.1.5 The Air Traffic, Ground Traffic, and Traffic Classes
3.2.2 The Resource Subject
3.2.2.1 The Airspace/Ground Resource Class
3.2.2.2 The Surveillance Resource Class
3.2.2.3 The Navigation Resource Class
3.2.2.4 The Communications Resource Class
3.2.2.5 The Aviation Weather Resource Class
3.2.3 The Manager Subject
3.2.4 Instance Connections
3.2.4.1 User-Manager Instance Connections
3.2.4.2 Manager-Resource Instance Connections
3.2.4.3 User-Resource Instance Connections
3.2.4.4 User-User Instance Connections
3.2.5 Message Connections
3.2.6 Views
3.2.6.1 Clearance to Enter Airport Movement Area Event
3.2.6.2 Handoff to Flight Manager (Flight State Change) Event
3.2.6.3 Problem Detection and Resolution Events
3.2.6.4 Airspace/Ground Resource Saturation Detection
and Resolution Event
3.2.6.5 Clearance Delivery (Communications) Event
3.2.6.6 NAVAID Use (Navigation) Event
3.2.6.7 Tracking (Surveillance) Event
3.2.6.8 Weather Events
3.2.7 Model Specification
4 PROBLEM ANALYSIS
4.1 THE EXPERIMENT
4.1.1 Analysis of the Experiment vs. the ATC Model
4.1.2 The Experiment Model
4.1.2.1 The User Subject
4.1.2.2 The Resource Subject
4.1.2.3 The Manager Subject
4.1.2.4 Event View: Handoff of a Flight from En Route Controller
to Terminal Controller
4.2 MAPPING THE LEGACY SOFTWARE ONTO THE ATC MODEL
4.2.1 TASF
4.2.1.1 Analysis of TASF vs. the ATC Model
4.2.1.2 The TASF Model
4.2.2 AERA 2
4.2.2.1 Analysis of AERA 2 vs. the ATC Model
4.2.2.2 The AERA 2 Model
4.3 AN ASSESSMENT OF NEEDED CAPABILITIES
Appendix A ATC MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
Appendix B EXPERIMENT MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
Appendix C TASF MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
Appendix D AERA 2 MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY
Many individuals contributed to this report, by offering advice in refining concepts, by sharing ATC expertise, and by reviewing and commenting on draft versions of particular sections.The authors appreciate the lively discussions with Anne C. Deslattes (an original member of the OOA Phase 2 team) and have benefitted from her experiences in systems analysis and design.
Many graciously responded to our requests for ATC and legacy software knowledge, including Richard A. Rucker (on ATC in general and on many detailed topics); Anand D. Mundra (on the terminal airspace environment); Robert M. Tarakan and Shaula E. Doyle (on TASF); John A. Summers, Niamh M. Burke, and Barbara C. Zimmerman (on the AERA 2 CHI Prototype); and many others. Duane W. Small was the source of information for the original (December 1990) definition of the experiment.
We gratefully acknowledge those who took time to comment on draft versions and to work with us on revisions, including Patsy Ryberg (on the methodology); Duane W. Small (on the methodology, the ATC model, and the experiment in particular, and on the entire document in general); Shaula E. Doyle (on TASF); Norma J. Taber (on the methodology and the ATC model); and Pamela A. Dargan (on the methodology).
Most especially, we thank Richard K. Sciambi, our peer reviewer, for his insightful and timely comments. Reviewing a large document which applies new techniques to a complex and evolving subject area was surely tedious and time-consuming, and we appreciate his diligence.
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Mullin, M., 1990, Rapid Prototyping for Object-Oriented Systems, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
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Sharmer, M. and J. Randlett, January 1990, National Airspace System Aircraft Separation Operational Concept NAS-SR-1323 (Also DOT/FAA/DS-90/1), The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA.
Shlaer, S. and S. Mellor, 1988, Object-Oriented Systems Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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6-MITF six-month illustration of technical feasibility AAS Advanced Automation System ACARS ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACF area control facility AERA Automated En Route Air Traffic Control AGD Adaptive Ground Delay AIM Airman's Information Manual APDIA Automated Problem Detection Inhibited Area ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc. ARSA airport radar services area ARSR air route surveillance radar ARTCC air route traffic control center ARTS Automated Radar Terminal System ATA airport traffic area ATC air traffic control ATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System ATCT air traffic control tower BRITE bright radar indicator tower equipment CHI computer-human interface DME distance measuring equipment DUAT Direct User Access Terminal DYSIM dynamic simulator FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAR Federal Aviation Regulations FSS flight service station HRR highest-ranked resolution IAS indicated airspeed ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IFR instrument flight rule I-Lab Integration and Interaction Laboratory ILS instrument landing system INS inertial navigation system JFK John F. Kennedy LORAN long-range navigation MLS microwave landing system NAS National Airspace System NAVAID navigational aid NDB nondirectional radio beacon NSL National Simulation Laboratory OOA object-oriented analysis PAR preferential arrival route PDAR preferential departure and arrival route PDR preferential departure route PVD Plan View Display RDP radar data processing RNAV area navigation SID standard instrument departure STAR standard terminal arrival route TAAS Terminal Advanced Automation System TASF Terminal Area Simulation Facility TCA terminal control area TRACON terminal approach control UTC coordinated universal time VFR visual flight rule VHF very high frequency VLF very low frequency VOR VHF omnidirectional range